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The very ground we stand on is more than just dirt and gravel! The complex nature and components of the earth's crust are exactly what geologists and geophysicists study, albeit in different ways.
Unearthing Geological Facts
Geologists study the minerals, rocks, underground water deposits and fossils in the earth's crust using a vast array of techniques. They may collect and interpret rock and soil samples and conduct geological surveys and field studies using high tech equipment, such as computers, electron microscopes, satellite imagery and analogue modelling equipment. They can also locate and value deposits of minerals and participate in the study of natural disasters including earthquakes and land slides.
Diverse Environments
''My work as a geologist has taken me to many interesting and spectacular locations, including Hawaii, Canary Islands, New Zealand, Canadian Arctic, and the North American Rockies. Many other people would have to pay a lot of money to see some of the places and sights that I am paid to see!'' says Dr Janet M Dunphy from the Centre for Global Metallogeny (UWA).
The spectrum of roles that geologists can undertake is as diverse as the minerals they study. Exploration geologists, for example, search for vital clues from the earth's surface that indicate where particular resources may lie. Geomorphologists try to restore to its original state land that was previously used for mining. Finding solutions to environmental problems such as land degradation and irresponsible waste disposal is what drives environmental geologists. Hydrogeologists apply the results from their studies in areas of water resources and systems management.
Let's Get Geophysical
Geophysicists apply the principles of physics and mathematics to their study of the earth. They examine such things as the electrical, gravitational, magnetic and seismic properties of rocks. Such analysis allows them to evaluate engineering constraints or the environmental impacts of proposed mining or development projects. They conduct geophysical surveys using satellite imaging and electronic measuring equipment designed for ground, airborne or marine operations.
According to Professor Norm Uren of Curtin University, by far the largest number of jobs currently are for exploration geophysicists, who search for minerals, groundwater and oil and gas. However, as public interest in the environment grows, there is a developing field in the area of environmental investigation and monitoring of oil and gas fields, as well as greenhouse gas disposal.
The Left Side Of The Brain
Excellent mathematical, scientific, research and analytical skills are the foundation skills for geologists and geophysicists. A high level of computer knowledge is required. This is particularly true for geophysicists, as they are required to use interpretive software programs to develop geological models that simulate the results obtained from surveys.
A willingness to travel to and work in the most desolate locations, both within and beyond national borders is also essential. As geologists and geophysicists often collaborate with their counterparts in these distant locations, an adaptive nature and competent communication skills are also vital. Communication skills also help when working with those from allied professions, such as engineers, scientists, land owners and government officials.
Employment can be sought from mineral and petroleum companies as well as consulting firms specialising in resource exploration, engineering or the environment. Geologists and geophysicists are also employed by governments, research laboratories and universities.
Current job prospects are sound for both occupational groups. Employment is closely linked to the level of mining and petroleum exploration activity, which is affected by the price of mineral and energy commodities. It must be highlighted that the rise and fall of commodity prices is cyclical and that as mining activity increases, so will the demand for geologists and geophysicists.
Graduate geologists and geophysicists have annual starting salaries of approximately $30,000 to $50,000. An experienced geologist or geophysicist may earn in excess of $80,000 per annum.
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